CONTENTS |
[Chinese] |
Sediment Budget of
the Yellow River over the Period 1855～1968
SHI
Chang-ing
(Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS )
Abstract: This
study disclosed the variation of sediment fluxes through the worldwide second largest
sediment routing system by constructing the sediment budget of the system over the period
from 1855 to 1968. The results show that the overall incoming sediment over that period
was 1878×108t,and 62% and 32% of the incoming sediment deposited in the
lower Yellow River and in the delta respectively. It was also shown that the
percentage of sedimen t deposited in the lower Yellow River changed with the construction
of dykes,the promotion of flood prevention capacity of dykes, dam construction,and
use of water and sediment in recent periods. Over the period from 1855 to 1968 the total
mass of sediment deposited on the delta was 609×108t, accounting for 84% of
the sediment carried down to the river mouth. The effect of time scale on the estimated
proportion of sediment deposited on the delta was found to b e noticeable.
Key words:
the lower Yellow River; sediment routing system; sediment budget; sediment flux
Application
of Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorith mson Silt-aden Flood Forecasting
ZHAI Yi-eng1, LI Hong-an2, LIU Han-ing3
(1.Dalian University of Technology；2. Beijing In
stitute of Technology;3.Jilin University, Changchun)
Abstract: For many years, a lot of domestic and
foreign experts have been concentrating on such an issue that how to forecast the
silt-lden flood quickly and accurately because
silt-laden flood forecasting is avery difficult problem which is caused by the complicated
mechanism of water and sediment movement and the channel bed variation.
This
paper discusses the fundamental met hods how to establish an intelligence forecasting
model, which is based on the methods combined the artificial neural networks, which has
the high non-linear identifying ability, with the genetic algorithms. In addition,how to
improve for ecasting precision is investigated and the feasibility of applying this neural
networks model to the Yellow River flood forecasting is tested.The testing result s prove
that this method can identify the law of evolution of silt-laden flood better and it
can forecast the water level, discharge and Sediment concentration
Key
words: artificial neural networks; genetic algorithms; slit-laden flood
forecasting; precision of slit-laden flood forecasting
Experiment on
Sediment Retention by Plant “Flexible Dam”in Gully in Soft Rock Region
BI
Ci-fen1, WANG Fu-gui1, LI Gui-fen2, SHI Bing2,
QIAO Wang-li n3, LI Gui3
(1.Bureau of the Upper and Middle Reaches of Yellow River;2.IWHR ; 3.Erdos City Water
Science Institute)
Abstract:
The paper proved that seabuckthorn-planting across the flowing direction as a
kind of frame material for sediment retention dam was feasible in branch gully in soft
rock region on loess plateau through analyzing the experimental data from field and indoor
model. The mechanism is that plant stick, branch and leaves can scatter strand flow so as
to reduce the stress of flow
to gully bed and retained a lot of coarse sediment. Meanwhile, the paper established a
theoretical frame of sediment retention by plant.
Key
words: loess plateau; soft rock region; seabuckthorn plant lexible dam”; water and sediment transportation; experimental research
Research
on Effects of Deposition Falling with Tranquil Flow of Permeable Pile Dike
for Bank Protection
YAO
Wen-yi, WANG Pu-qing, CHANG Wen-hua
(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research)
Key
words: pile dike; permeable pile dike for bank protection; deposition
falling with tranquil flow; river regulation works; the Yellow River
Primary
Study on 2-D Sediment Mathematical Model
DONG Zhuang1， LU
Yong-jun2
(1.Hehai University; 2.Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute)
Abstract:
The basic equations of 2-D sediment mathematical mode l, boundary conditions in
the boundaryfitting
orthogonal coordinate system,the moveable boundary technique and the numerical solution
are firstly introduced. The model is then verified with the data of flow and sediment of
the down stream of the Beijiang River in Guangdong. In addition,the animated drawing of
the velocity field is initially studied with Visual Basic 5.0 The
unresolved problems are discussed.
Key words: boundaryfitting coordinate； mathematic model； suspended load; bed load；2-D velocity field；animated drawing；Visual Basic
Research
on the Reconstruction of Beizhan Flood Detention Area in the Lower Yellow River
HE Xiao-yan1, ZHANG Chen-xia2，HUANG Jin-chi1
(1.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;
2.Water Polytechnical Institute,Yellow River Conservancy Commission)
Abstract:
Beizhan flood detention area is a very important project for flood disaster
reduction in the Lower Yellow River.With the rapid eco nomical development in the local
area,however,the contradiction between water re quirement and flood control becomes an
obstacle for the local economical development.This paper presents the research of a
preliminary project scheme with a one-dimensional numerical model to resolve the
potential problems in the flood detention area.Results show that the project can benefit
both flood control and water resources utilization.
Key
words: flood detention area; flood control; water resources
utilization
An
Experimental Study on the Percentage Filling and the Stabil ity of Geo-textile Sandbag
YING Qiang1,2,
ZHANG Dai-feng3, ZHU Li-jun2, WANG Jian-zhong2
(1.Hehai University;2.Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute;3.Bureau
of Water Resources of Zhengjiang City)
Abstract:
Geo-textiles have widely been used in hydraulic engin eering,water resource
management and waterway engineering.However,there are many problem s existing in
using geo-textile sandbag.In this paper,the percentage filling and stability of
geo-textile sandbag are discussed.Conceptions of the maximum percentage filling and the
optima l percentage filling are presented.The empirical formula for the initial velocity
of a geo-textile sandbag is obtained by analyzing the test data from flume tests conducted
on geo-textile bottom and concrete bottom.
Key
words: geo-textile sandbag; initiation velocity; percentage filling;
stability
Calculation
of Dambreak Flood in Hydropower Projects
ZHAO
Tai-ping
(The General Institute of Hydropower & Water Resouces Planning and Design SPCC)
Abstract: One hydropower plant in big moutainous and gorge region is planning to be built. The slope of the river is steep.It will cause huge damage to the people in the city which is down away from the plant if the dam is broken.In order to efficiently predict the flooding area and damage,a calculation of dambreak flood is conducted.Through the calculation,measures to reduce the damage can be taken as soon as possible.
Key
words: dambreak；flood；predict；unsteady flow
Analysis
on River Evolvement of Fuling Reach in the Three Georg es Reservoir
MU De-wei, ZHANG
Xu-jin
(Chongqing Communication University,Southwestern Hydraulic Engin
eering Research Institute for Water Way)
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the research achievements by various institutes,the
sediment aggradation and the river evolvement in Fuling reach can be estimated dur ing the
different running phases of the Three Georges reservoir.The influence of protection
dike on the flood conveying capacity and river morp hology is also investigated.
Key
words: the Three Georges reservoir; sediment model; protecti on dike; navigable
condition
Estimate
of the Minimum Water Requirement for
SHI Wei, WANG
Guang-qian
(Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of
Education, Tsinghua University)
Abstract:
The sediment transport capacity in the Lower Yellow River channel is capable of
self adjustment according to the incoming water discharge and sediment content. The total
water requirement for sediment transport in the Lower Yellow River is the reflection of
this self-adjustment. In this paper, the minimum water requirement for sediment
transport in the river has been analyzed by using field data collected at several
stations during 1949～1953
Based on this analysis, minimum total
annual water requirement for sediment transport in the Lower Yellow River has been
estimated for a 20-year period after Xiaolangdi Project is completed.
Key
words: the Lower Yellow River；flood
season；total water requirement for sediment
transport；water requirement for sediment transport；Xiaolangdi Project
Study
on the Stochastic Model for Rock Riprap by Boats
WANG Wei-biao1,2,
HAN Hai-qian2, YU Ting-ting2, LIN Bing-yao2
(1.College of Civil Engineering & Architecture Zhejiang
University;2.Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary)
Abstract:
The mechanism of rock riprap is preliminarily studied with Monte-Carlo
method.Good results are obtained through the comparison of stochastic simulation and flume
experiment.It provides a method to shore-protection works in using rock riprap by boats in
similar rivers.
Key
words: riprap by boats; Monte-Carlo method; flume experiment
Fluvial
Processes of Access Channel and Downstream of Tidal Bar rage in Yongning Estuary
WU
Dong-ling, LIN Bing-yao, YU Da-jin, HUANG
Shi-chang
(Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary)
Abstract:
The fluvial processes of the access channel and downst ream of tidal barrage in
Yongning Estuary is studied in this paper. Based on the analyses of field data, numerical
simulations are conducted to study the charac teristic of sediment transport in downstream
reach of the barrage.
Key words: access channel; Shuang Rong gate；field test；erosion and
deposition; numerical simulation
Characteristics of Dongting
Lake’s Sediment Transport
LI
Xichun1,
ZHANG Shui-yun2
(1.Hunan
Province Survey and Design Institute of Water
Resources & Hydropower,Ministry of Water Resources;
2.Xiangyin Bureau of Water Resources,Xiangyin)
Abstract:
Dongting Lake receives the flow and sediment from the three
outlet rivers of Yangtze River and Xiang、Zi、Yuan、Li
rivers Using a lot of hydrological data，this
article analyzes the characteristics of Dongting Lake’s sediment transport within a year and inter-years.The
characteristics and the rules of Dongting Lake’s
graded sediment transport are also discussed.
Key words: Dongting Lake; annual sediment transport; graded sediment transport；the ratio of sediment input to output
Study
on Siltation and Reclamation of Tidal Flat in Shanghai
MAO
Zhi-chang1, LI Jiu-fa1, WU Hua-lin2
(1.State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,Institute of Estuarine and
Coastal Research,East China Normal University;2.Estuarine and Coastal Science Research
Center,The Ministry of Communications,)
Abstract: Recent years the quantity of fluvial sediments into the sea has been reduced due to the building of dams in the main stream and tributaries of the upper Changji ang River,especially the building of the Three Gorge dam.This will result in the decrease of deposition rate of tidal flat and the increase of the length of the erosion shore.This paper analyses the situation of siltation and erosion in different districts of tidal flat in Shanghai and the relationship among the explo itation and ulitization of tidal flat,wetland protection,and waterways regulation.It also provides the key points in conducting siltation and reclamation in dif ferent districts of tidal flat.It is suggested that the current good opportunity should be grasped to enhance the exploitation in the middle and lower tidal flat.
Key
words: Shanghai; tidal flat; reclamation